A constructed reference on the CJC-1295 supply landscape — what the literature, the FDA, and WADA actually say about acquiring a halted Phase 2 peptide.
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PL.05 / REFERENCES / PRIMARY SOURCES

Primary sources cited in this dossier

Every numbered citation in the research, dosage, FAQ, and index pages of this dossier corresponds to a row in the table below. Sortable by year, by source category, and by indication.

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How this list is organized

Eighteen primary sources are cited in the body of the dossier and indexed below. Sources fall into four categories: peer-reviewed clinical and preclinical literature (Jetté 2005, Teichman 2006, Ionescu 2006, Alba 2006, Sackmann-Sala 2009, Stanley 2014, Bowers 1990, Steiger 1992), forensic and anti-doping analytical chemistry (Henninge 2010, Thomas 2024), observational and qualitative work (Van Hout 2016), and regulatory and standards documents (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00267527, FDA PCAC October 2024, FDA PCAC December 2024, WADA 2025 Prohibited List).

All links resolve to primary publishers (PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA.gov, wada-ama.org). No links resolve to vendor pages or commercial intermediaries.

Primary citation table

The full numbered citation list is rendered as a sortable table below — sort by year ascending or descending, filter by source category. The same list is also available as plain markdown for crawlers and reading clients at /references.md.

  1. Jetté L, Léger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  2. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  3. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Estimated plasma half-life and PK profile of CJC-1295 across single-dose cohorts (5.8-8.1 days). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  4. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
  5. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
  6. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
  7. ConjuChem Biotechnologies Inc. A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00267527. Terminated October 2006. ↗
  8. Jetté L, Léger R, Thibaudeau K, et al. Mechanistic basis for the ~30-minute plasma half-life of modified GRF (1-29) — D-Ala²/Gln⁸/Ala¹⁵/Leu²⁷ substitutions confer DPP-4 resistance and preserve GHRHR binding. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  9. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
  10. Van Hout MC, Hearne E. Netnography of female use of the synthetic growth hormone CJC-1295: pulses and potions. Substance Use & Misuse. 2016;51(1):73-84. ↗
  11. Thomas A, Walpurgis K, Tretzel L, Brinkkötter P, Fußhöller G, Görgens C, Geyer H, Thevis M. Chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of peptidic analytes (2-10 kDa) in doping control urine samples. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2024;59(2):e4996. ↗
  12. Steiger A, Guldner J, Hemmeter U, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and sleep regulation. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1992;17(2-3):203-209. ↗
  13. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. October 29, 2024 Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee — CJC-1295 Briefing Materials. FDA Docket FDA-2024-N-4777. ↗
  14. Stanley TL, Feldpausch MN, Oh J, Branch KL, Lee H, Torriani M, Grinspoon SK. Effects of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312(4):380-389. ↗
  15. Bowers CY, Reynolds GA, Durham D, Barrera CM, Pezzoli SS, Thorner MO. Combined administration of GHRH and GHRP-6 acts in synergy on growth hormone (GH) release in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1990;70(4):975-982. ↗
  16. World Anti-Doping Agency. World Anti-Doping Code International Standard — The 2025 Prohibited List. Section S2 — Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, and Mimetics. ↗
  17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 4, 2024 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting — Follow-up Briefing on GH Secretagogue Peptides. FDA Docket FDA-2024-N-4777-FOLLOWUP. ↗
  18. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Documentation of gray-market peptide acquisition through online research-chemical vendors operating outside conventional pharmacy oversight; identification of seized illicit preparations as CJC-1295. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
  19. Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  20. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. ↗
  21. GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. ↗
  22. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. ↗
  23. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. ↗